Compassion in Practice: Addressing Burnout Among Muslim Nurses in Contemporary Healthcare Settings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63950/gshh.2026.2.2.43Keywords:
Burnout, Muslim nurses, Compassion, Resilience, Islamic copingAbstract
Introduction: Burnout is a significant occupational hazard for nurses, undermining wellbeing and care quality. Muslim nurses face compounded challenges from professional duties and Islamic values of compassion (rahmah) and excellence (ihsan), with sustained suffering exposure increasing burnout and compassion fatigue risk.
Methods: This narrative review examined peer-reviewed articles, books, and reports on burnout, compassionate practice, and faith-based resilience. Searches across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar used keywords including "burnout in nursing," "Islamic coping," and "compassion fatigue." Sources were selected for relevance, rigour, and alignment with Islamic perspectives.
Synthesis: Burnout manifests as emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and reduced accomplishment. Faith-based coping, prayer (salat), remembrance (dhikr), fasting, and tawakkul build resilience, while community support reinforces collective strength. However, Muslim nurses face cultural expectations, religious obligations in secular settings, and discrimination, heightening burnout vulnerability.
Conclusion: Holistic strategies recognising Muslim nurses' spiritual and cultural realities are urgently needed. Healthcare systems must integrate faith-sensitive supports with evidence-based interventions to protect well-being and sustain compassionate care.
Downloads
References
1. Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. J Organ Behav. 1981;2(2):99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
2. Maslach C, Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP. Job burnout. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001;52:397-422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
3. Alharbi J, Al Hadid L. Towards an understanding of compassion from an Islamic perspective. J Clin Nurs. 2019;28(7-8):1354-1358. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14725
4. Jarrad RA, Hammad S. Oncology nurses' compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2020;19:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00272-9
5. Abdul SA, Nisa S, Tahreem M, Rubab G, Rumesa A. Compassion satisfaction, fatigue, and burnout among registered nurses at public hospitals in Sindh, Pakistan. Asian J Res Nurs Health. 2025;8(1):115-121. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrnh/2025/v8i1190
6. Sabra AK, Muzzafar NA. Islamic approaches to mental health and wellbeing. J Relig Health. 2020;59(3):1562-1575.
7. Hamouda MA, Emanuel LL, Padela AI. Empathy and attending to patient religion/spirituality: Findings from a national survey of Muslim physicians. J Health Care Chaplain. 2021;27(2):84-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2019.1618063
8. Ahmed T, Ali A, Rasheed A, Naz S. Compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout among nurses working in clinical departments at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Pak J Physiol. 2019;15(3):19-22.
9. Zhang B, Li H, Jin X, Peng W, Wong CL, Qiu D. Prevalence and factors associated with compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue among Chinese oncology healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional survey. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2022;9(3):153-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjon.2021.12.012
10. Lal A, Tharyan A, Tharyan P. The prevalence, determinants and the role of empathy and religious or spiritual beliefs on job stress, job satisfaction, coping, burnout, and mental health in medical and surgical faculty of a teaching hospital: A cross-sectional survey. Rev Med Interne. 2020;41(4):232-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2019.12.005
11. Abdul SA, Nisa S, Tahreem M, Rubab G, Rumesa A. Compassion satisfaction, fatigue, and burnout among registered nurses at public hospitals in Sindh, Pakistan. Asian J Res Nurs Health. 2025;8(1):115-121. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrnh/2025/v8i1190
12. Ahmed T, Ali A, Rasheed A, Naz S. Compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout among nurses working in clinical departments at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Pak J Physiol. 2019;15(3):19-22.
13. Alharbi J, Jackson D, Usher K. Compassion fatigue in critical care nurses: An integrative literature review. Saudi Med J. 2019;40(11):1087-1097. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2019.11.24569
14. Ghorbani N, Watson PJ, Chen ZJ. Muslim experiential religiousness and psychological adjustment: Positive and negative religious coping styles. Int J Psychol Relig. 2018;28(3):145-161.
15. Hamouda MA, Emanuel LL, Padela AI. Empathy and attending to patient religion/spirituality: Findings from a national survey of Muslim physicians. J Health Care Chaplain. 2021;27(2):84-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2019.1618063
16. Jarrad RA, Hammad S. Oncology nurses' compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2020;19:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00272-9
17. Lykins AB, Seroka NW, Mayor M, Seng S, Higgins JT, Okoli CT. Compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress among nursing staff at an academic medical center: A cross-sectional analysis. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2024;30(1):63-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903211066125
18. Reza S, Reza K, Zehra A. Work exhaustion and burnout: A common factor among nurses. J Nurses Midwives Pak. 2021;1(2):72-76.
19. Ruiz-Fernández MD, Pérez-García E, Ortega-Galán ÁM. Quality of life in nursing professionals: Burnout, fatigue, and compassion satisfaction. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(4):1253. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041253
20. Zhang B, Li H, Jin X, Peng W, Wong CL, Qiu D. Prevalence and factors associated with compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue among Chinese oncology healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional survey. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2022;9(3):153-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjon.2021.12.012
21. Ali OM, Milstein G. Mental health care for Muslim patients: Cultural and religious considerations. Psychiatr Serv. 2012;63(3):306-309.
22. Padela AI, Curlin FA. Religion and disparities: Considering the influences of Islam on the health of American Muslims. J Relig Health. 2013;52(4):1333-1345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-012-9620-y
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Data Availability Statement
All data analysed in this review are available in the referenced publications. No new datasets were generated.
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Sodimu JO, Aminu S

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.