Global South Health Horizons (GSHH) is an international, multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by the Centre for Epidemiology and Clinical Research (CECR) and dedicated to advancing health research with a focus on evidence from and for the Global South. The journal will also advance foundational scientific knowledge that underpins health, medicine, and public health, especially in contexts relevant to the Global South. Therefore, our platform welcomes rigorous investigations that traverse anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, pharmacology, and related disciplines, while fostering transdisciplinary dialogue between basic science and global health challenges. Published under the highest ethical and academic standards, GSHH serves as a platform for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers to share innovative, impactful, and contextually relevant health solutions.
Centre for Epidemiology and Clinical Research (CECR)
Knowledge and Perception of Nursing Informatics among Staff Nurses at Rumailah Hospital, Doha, Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: Global healthcare digitalisation requires nurses to embrace nursing informatics (NI). This study assessed NI knowledge and perceptions among staff nurses at Rumailah Hospital, Doha, Qatar. Methods: A descriptive cross‑sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling. A modified Nurses’ Attitudes towards Computerisation (NATC) questionnaire captured demographics, NI knowledge, and perceptions. Chi‑square tests (with Cramér’s V effect sizes) examined associations (alpha = 0.05). Data were collected in 2016‑2017. Results: Of 572 nurses (82.8% female, 75.4% aged 20‑30 years), 50% held a basic nursing certificate. Positive perceptions were high: 96.5% agreed NI improved care decisions; 100% agreed NI enhanced research implementation and consistent data recording. However, 38.3% noted NI was not used for student training. Significant associations with perception (p<0.001) were found for gender (χ²=28.73, V=0.23), academic qualification (χ²=102.31, V=0.30), years of experience (χ²=177.17, V=0.33), and ease of use understanding (χ²=30.18, V=0.23). Conclusion: Nurses demonstrated strong positive NI knowledge and perceptions. Despite the age of the dataset, findings highlight enduring needs: targeted education for less‑qualified and more experienced nurses, and integration of NI into student training. These insights remain relevant for digital health transformation in Global South contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Oyinloye CMA, Olu-Abiodun OO, Adepoju AA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hand hygiene promotion system assessment in a long-term care facility in Qatar: a cross-sectional evaluation using the WHO Self-Assessment Framework
Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections cause substantial morbidity. Hand hygiene is the most effective preventive measure, but compliance is suboptimal, especially in long-term care. We assessed the hand hygiene promotion system at a long-term care facility in Qatar using a validated WHO tool, focusing on system readiness rather than directly observed compliance. Methods: A cross-sectional facility self-assessment was conducted (March–April 2016) at Enaya Specialised Care Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha. Ten nursing staff were randomly selected to complete the WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework (27 indicators, five domains: System Change, Training and Education, Evaluation and Feedback, Workplace Reminders, Institutional Safety Climate). Descriptive statistics were used; total scores (0–500) were categorised into four WHO levels (Inadequate, Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced). Results: The facility scored 327.5/500 – Intermediate (Consolidation) level. Domain scores: Workplace Reminders 96/100, System Change 84/100, Training and Education 80/100, Safety Climate 40/100, Evaluation and Feedback 27.5/100. All participants reported irregular direct observation, no immediate feedback to healthcare workers, no regular hand hygiene team meetings, and no formal patient engagement programme. No participant knew the facility’s actual hand hygiene compliance rate. Conclusion: The facility has strong infrastructure, mandatory training, and visual reminders, achieving an Intermediate system level. However, major gaps exist in monitoring, feedback, and safety climate – areas that measure actual behavioural reinforcement, not just infrastructure. Priority actions include routine direct observation, real-time feedback, hand hygiene champions, and formal WHO Day observance. These findings reflect system readiness, not observed compliance, and should be interpreted as a baseline for quality improvement.
Knowledge of Risk Factors and Preventive Practices for Monkeypox among People Living with HIV attending an ART Clinic in Abeokuta, Nigeria
Introduction: Monkeypox is a re-emerging zoonotic viral disease of global public health concern, particularly among people living with HIV who face increased risk of severe outcomes due to compromised immunity. Knowledge of risk factors and preventive practices is essential for reducing transmission and improving health outcomes in this vulnerable population. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study assessed knowledge of monkeypox risk factors, preventive practices, perceived barriers, and HIV treatment adherence among PLWH attending the ART Clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Idi-Aba, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Using simple random sampling, 100 respondents were selected. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were employed, and results were presented in tables. Results: The findings revealed that 80% of respondents were aware that close skin-to-skin contact can transmit monkeypox, while 90% recognized that immunocompromised individuals are at greater risk of severe infection. Most respondents reported engaging in preventive practices such as regular hand hygiene and avoiding close contact with suspected cases. However, knowledge gaps regarding certain transmission routes were identified. Perceived barriers included inadequate information, stigma, financial constraints, cultural beliefs, and limited access to healthcare. A positive association was observed between HIV treatment adherence and monkeypox knowledge and preventive practices. Conclusion: Although PLWH attending the ART clinic demonstrated relatively good awareness of monkeypox and its prevention, important knowledge gaps and barriers persist. Strengthening health education, reducing stigma, and integrating monkeypox prevention messages into routine HIV care may improve preventive practices and reduce infection risk among PLWH.
Copyright (c) 2026 Onigbanjo RO, Olu-Abiodun OO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Perception of Artificial Intelligence Interactive Platforms for HIV/AIDS Awareness among Selected Private Secondary School Students in Abeokuta North, Ogun State
Introduction: Evidence on Nigerian secondary school students' awareness, perceptions, and willingness to use AI interactive platforms for HIV/AIDS education remains limited, despite the promise of these tools for improving adolescents' access to accurate HIV information. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 330 students from three selected private secondary schools in Abeokuta North Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. Participants were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire comprising Yes/No items for awareness and acceptance factors, and a 4-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree) for perception, then analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Overall awareness was moderate; 189 students (57.3%) demonstrated high awareness (≥4 correct Yes responses out of 7 items, mean = 4.00 ± 1.3), while 215 (65.2%) had heard of AI but only 124 (37.6%) had previously used AI-based tools for health learning. Perceptions were generally positive, with 224 students (67.9%) classified as having favourable views based on composite Likert scores; 257 (77.9%) found AI more engaging, and 251 (76.1%) valued its confidentiality and non-judgemental nature. Acceptance was high (219 students, 66.4%), with digital access (85.8%), privacy and trust (84.2%), and platform usability (82.7%) as the strongest influencing factors. Conclusion: Students in selected private secondary schools perceived AI platforms positively for HIV/AIDS awareness due to their interactivity and anonymity. Integration of AI tools into school curricula and improved ICT infrastructure are recommended to address gaps in practical exposure and digital access.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayinde FA, Olu-Abiodun OO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Short-Film and Peer-Led Sexual and Reproductive Health Education on Knowledge, Perceptions and Self-Efficacy among Adolescents in Informal Urban Settlements of Lagos State, Nigeria: A Quasi-Experimental Study
*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" data-turn-id="request-WEB:d8a02498-4da9-463d-9f07-f73011a122e2-2" data-testid="conversation-turn-4" data-scroll-anchor="true" data-turn="assistant"> Introduction: Adolescents in informal urban settlements face significant sexual and reproductive health challenges, including risky behaviours and limited access to information. Conventional SRH education often fails to engage them effectively. Short film and peer-led strategies may offer more effective alternatives. Methods: This quasi-experimental study involved 60 adolescents aged 13–16 years from two informal communities in Lagos State, Nigeria, equally assigned to an experimental group (short film plus peer-led SRH education) or a control group (no intervention). The 10-week intervention included baseline, midline, and end-line assessments using a validated questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t tests, and two-way mixed ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups (n = 30 each). The intervention group showed significant improvements in SRH outcomes. Two-way mixed ANOVA revealed significant time–group interactions for knowledge (F = 19.68, p < .001), perception (F = 17.66, p < .001), and self-efficacy (F = 23.43, p < .001). ANCOVA confirmed higher post-intervention knowledge (F = 31.84, p < .001) and perception scores (F = 26.61, p < .001) in the intervention group. Risky sexual behaviour scores also decreased significantly more in the intervention group (time × group interaction: F(1,58) = 18.96, p < .001, partial η² = .25). Conclusion: The combined short film and peer-led intervention significantly improved knowledge, perceptions, and self-efficacy among sexually active adolescents. These findings support multimedia and peer-led strategies as scalable approaches for improving adolescent SRH outcomes in informal urban settings, though causal inference is limited by the quasi-experimental design.
Adolescents; Sexual and reproductive health; Peer-led education; Short-film intervention; Self-efficacy; Risky sexual behaviour; Nigeria; Quasi-experimental study
Copyright (c) 2026 Oyakhilome VO, Dangana J, Ibor GO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Attitudes and Awareness of Female Teenagers towards Sex Education in a Secondary School in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Introduction: Sex education remains a controversial topic across many regions of Nigeria despite its vital role in promoting adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Understanding the perspectives of female adolescents is essential for designing effective school-based interventions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2024 among 100 female secondary school students aged 13–19 years in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to select participants from the SS1 to SS3 classes. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire with a 4-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics summarised socio-demographic characteristics, awareness, and attitudes toward sex education. Results: Respondents demonstrated high awareness, with 84% acknowledging that sex education improves self-esteem and 82% affirming that it enhances communication skills. Attitudes were generally positive, as 79% recognized that teenagers hold varying perspectives on sex education, and 74% agreed it promotes responsible behaviour. However, major barriers included inadequate parent-child communication (97%), insufficiently trained teachers (89%), religious opposition (94%), and overloaded curriculum (74%). Conclusion: Female secondary school students exhibit high awareness and positive attitudes toward sex education, yet institutional and sociocultural barriers impede effective implementation. Multi-level interventions addressing teacher training, parental engagement, and culturally sensitive curriculum integration are urgently needed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Onigbanjo RO, Olu-Abiodun OO (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Compassion in Practice: Addressing Burnout Among Muslim Nurses in Contemporary Healthcare Settings
Introduction: Burnout is a significant occupational hazard for nurses, undermining wellbeing and care quality. Muslim nurses face compounded challenges from professional duties and Islamic values of compassion (rahmah) and excellence (ihsan), with sustained suffering exposure increasing burnout and compassion fatigue risk. Methods: This narrative review examined peer-reviewed articles, books, and reports on burnout, compassionate practice, and faith-based resilience. Searches across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar used keywords including "burnout in nursing," "Islamic coping," and "compassion fatigue." Sources were selected for relevance, rigour, and alignment with Islamic perspectives. Synthesis: Burnout manifests as emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and reduced accomplishment. Faith-based coping, prayer (salat), remembrance (dhikr), fasting, and tawakkul build resilience, while community support reinforces collective strength. However, Muslim nurses face cultural expectations, religious obligations in secular settings, and discrimination, heightening burnout vulnerability. Conclusion: Holistic strategies recognising Muslim nurses' spiritual and cultural realities are urgently needed. Healthcare systems must integrate faith-sensitive supports with evidence-based interventions to protect well-being and sustain compassionate care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sodimu JO, Aminu S https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Prevalence and Patterns of Suicidal Ideation Among In‑School Adolescents in Ogun State, Nigeria: A mixed-method survey
Introduction: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, patterns, and associated factors of suicidal ideation among in-school adolescents in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: A mixed-methods design was employed, comprising a cross-sectional survey of 1,444 adolescents aged 10–19 years from 16 secondary schools, and qualitative in-depth interviews with eight adolescents reporting suicidal ideation and their parents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, bivariate tests, and multivariate logistic regression; qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 3.9% (95% CI: 3.0–5.1). Mid-adolescents (14–16 years) and those in Senior Secondary Schools had significantly higher odds of suicidal ideation. Key risk factors included previous suicide attempts, living without both parents, psychological disorders (attention deficit, conduct disorder, PTSD, eating disorders), economic hardship, excessive internet use, family instability, childhood sexual violence, and insomnia. Protective factors included high self-esteem, strong social support, a sense of purpose in life, agreeableness, emotional stability, openness, grit, and self-care coping strategies. Thematic analysis of interviews highlighted the lived experiences of adolescents, revealing the role of stigma, secrecy, and cultural taboos surrounding mental health, as well as the protective roles of supportive relationships, religious faith, and personal coping strategies. Conclusion: Suicidal ideation among in-school adolescents in Ogun State is influenced by a complex interplay of individual, interpersonal, and socio-economic factors. School-based mental health screening, resilience-building programs, and family-focused interventions are recommended to mitigate risk and promote protective factors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abiodun O, Lowery Wilson M, Torty C, Agbor IE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Knowledge, Factors, and Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Nursing Mothers Attending an Immunisation Clinic in Abeokuta, Nigeria
Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) remains suboptimal globally despite extensive advocacy, with limited localised evidence on barriers among urban Nigerian mothers. This study assessed knowledge, facilitators, and barriers to EBF among nursing mothers attending an immunisation clinic in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed 118 nursing mothers at Oba Ademola II Maternity Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria (August 2025) using a structured questionnaire. We analysed data with SPSS v25 using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Results: Most respondents were aged 20–29 years (87.3%), Yoruba (80.5%), and tertiary-educated (90.7%). EBF knowledge was high (mean score 7.27±0.80/8; 89.8% classified as high knowledge). Key facilitators (89–93%) included skin-to-skin contact, family/partner support, and health professional advice. Major barriers were early work return (84.7%), cultural myths (78.8%), maternal exhaustion (80.5%), and public breastfeeding stigma (67.8%). Mothers with high EBF knowledge were significantly more likely to practice EBF (aOR=8.64, 95% CI: 2.37–31.45, p=0.001), as were civil servants (aOR=3.50, 95% CI: 1.45–8.45, p=0.005). Conclusion: Despite high EBF knowledge, substantial structural and sociocultural barriers persist. Interventions addressing workplace policies, cultural misconceptions, and social support systems are needed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Akinleye OT, Ajibola OO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of community-based social–behavioural intervention on determinants of maternal care-seeking for under-five children in Cross River State, Nigeria
Introduction: Under-five morbidity and mortality remain high in sub-Saharan Africa, partly due to poor maternal care-seeking. Despite improved healthcare access, behavioural and social barriers still delay timely care for childhood illnesses. This study assessed the effect of a community-based behavioural intervention on determinants of maternal care-seeking in Cross River State, Nigeria. Methods: A quasi-experimental design guided by the PRECEDE–PROCEED model was used. Sixty mothers were selected through a multi-stage sampling process and assigned to either an intervention or control group. The four-week intervention consisted of knowledge and skills training, as well as behaviour change communication, delivered via community information booths. Data were collected at baseline and week ten using a validated interviewer-administered questionnaire assessing predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. Between-group differences were analysed using independent t-tests and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) (p < 0.05), and Cohen’s d estimated effect sizes. Results: Although the sample size was small (N=60), statistically significant improvements were observed. The MANCOVA indicated a strong multivariate effect (Pillai’s Trace = .876, p < .001), indicating that 87.6% of the variance in outcomes was attributable to group assignment. Univariate analyses showed significant improvements in knowledge (F = 68.21, p < 0.001, η² = 0.58), attitude (F = 15.33, p < 0.001, η² = 0.24), perception (F = 168.27, p < 0.001, η² = 0.77), and reinforcing factors (F = 168.22, p < 0.001, η² = 0.77). Enabling factors did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: The intervention improved determinants of maternal healthcare-seeking for children under five.
Predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors
Copyright (c) 2026 Ibor GO, Atulomah NO, Lawal SA, Oyakhilome V (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effects of Social-Behavioural Engagement on Perception of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes on Self-Care Management in Southwestern Nigeria
Introduction: Effective self-care is essential for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet adherence is low in Nigeria. We evaluated a theory-guided social-behavioural engagement intervention (social support, role-play, educational sessions) on perceived self-care among adults with T2DM in two teaching hospitals in Ogun State. Methods: In a quasi-experimental design, 60 adults (30–70 years) were systematically sampled—intervention site: Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital; control: Babcock University Teaching Hospital. A validated questionnaire (Cronbach’s α = 0.70–0.82) assessed perceived self-care at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at 10-week follow-up. The intervention group received two 90-minute group sessions weekly for 10 weeks (20 sessions); controls received standard clinic education. Data were analysed with independent-sample and paired-sample t-tests using IBM SPSS v23 at α = 0.05. Ethical approval was granted by BUHREC and OOUHREC. Results: Mean change in perception scores was 4.07 ± 1.28 (experimental) versus 0.11 ± 0.85 (control); the between-group difference was significant (t (54) = 12.13, p < 0.001, 95% CI 3.34–4.80, Cohen’s d = 1.46), indicating a large positive effect. Conclusion: Integrating similar social-behavioural interventions into diabetes care could enhance patient empowerment and sustained glycaemic control.
Copyright (c) 2026 Daniel-Alpheaus IC, Olanrewaju MF (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Diagnostic Value of Anti‑HpNAP and Anti‑UreB IgG as Non‑Invasive Serological Markers in Active Helicobacter pylori Infection
Introduction: Accurate non-invasive markers of active Helicobacter pylori infection are needed. This study measured serum anti-HpNAP and anti-UreB IgG in symptomatic adults and compared levels between stool-antigen-positive and negative patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 50 adults (30 HpSA-positive, 20 HpSA-negative). Anti-HpNAP and anti-UreB IgG were measured by ELISA. Group comparisons used Welch's t-test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results: Mean anti-HpNAP IgG: 112.1 ± 32.1 ng/mL (HpSA-positive) vs 69.9 ± 23.9 ng/mL (HpSA-negative); Welch t = 5.321, df = 47.3, p < 0.0001. Mean anti-UreB IgG: 153.9 ± 50.1 ng/mL vs 102.0 ± 40.8 ng/mL; Welch t = 4.017, df = 46.0, p = 0.0003. AUC (HpNAP) = 0.942; optimal cutoff = 102.56 ng/mL (sensitivity = 0.77, specificity = 0.95). AUC (UreB) = 0.803; optimal cutoff = 112.83 ng/mL (sensitivity = 0.80, specificity = 0.75). Univariable logistic regression OR per 1 ng/mL increase: HpNAP = 1.105 (95% CI 1.041–1.173), UreB = 1.030 (95% CI 1.011–1.050). Conclusion: Serum anti‑HpNAP and anti‑UreB IgG concentrations are significantly higher in patients with stool‑antigen evidence of active H. pylori infection. These antigen‑specific serologic markers warrant further validation (including ROC analysis and longitudinal assessment) to determine their diagnostic performance and potential clinical roles.
Helicobacter pylori; HpNAP (Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein); Urease B subunit (UreB); Serological biomarkers; Stool antigen test
Copyright (c) 2025 Hassan MA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Knowledge and Prevention of Anaemia in Pregnancy among Pregnant Women attending Antenatal Clinic at Oba Ademola II Maternity Hospital, Ijemo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Introduction: Anaemia in pregnancy remains a major global health concern and the most common nutritional disorder affecting women in developing countries. It contributes significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the knowledge and preventive practices regarding anaemia among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Oba Ademola II Maternity Hospital, Ijemo, Ogun State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed among 210 pregnant women selected using a convenience sampling technique. The sample size was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula. Data were collected with a validated, structured self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, preventive measures, and associated factors. Ethical approval was obtained from the Oba Ademola II Maternity Hospital Research Ethics Committee. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23.0 with descriptive and inferential statistics; significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Although only 53.8% correctly defined anaemia as low haemoglobin, 80.5% demonstrated good overall knowledge based on a ≥70% score cut-off. Preventive measures were widely practised, with 86.7% adhering to iron-rich diets, supplements, and regular antenatal visits. Major factors associated with anaemia included poor nutrition (76.7%), financial constraints (71.9%), frequent pregnancies (74.3%), and parasitic infections (74.3%). Knowledge was significantly associated with socio-demographic characteristics (p < 0.05) and preventive practices (p < 0.001). The instrument showed high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.882). Conclusion: Although awareness and preventive practices were encouraging, misconceptions and economic barriers persist. Strengthened health education, culturally sensitive counselling, and socioeconomic support are essential to enhance anaemia prevention and improve maternal health outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elias TI, Sodimu JO (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Perception and Acceptance of Caesarean Section among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Oba Ademola Maternity Hospital, Ijemo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Introduction: Caesarean section (CS) is a life-saving procedure that reduces maternal and neonatal mortality. However, reluctance to accept CS persists in many cultural and socio-economic contexts. This study assessed the perception and acceptance of Caesarean section among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Oba Ademola II Maternity Hospital, Ijemo, Abeokuta, Ogun State. Methods: This study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive research design, and a total of 209 respondents participated. A self-designed questionnaire with closed-ended questions was used to gather information from the respondents. The statistical tool used for this study was the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Ethical approval was obtained from the Oba Ademola II Maternity Hospital Health Research Ethics Committee. Results: The study found a high level of knowledge and generally positive acceptance of CS among respondents. Nearly half (48.3%) were aware of the risks and complications of CS, while 50.7% expressed willingness to undergo CS if adequately informed about the procedure. Most respondents rejected the perception that CS signifies failure (39.7% disagreed vs. 22.0% agreed, p<0.05) or that it deprives women of important life experiences (37.8% disagreed, p=0.031). Key factors associated with acceptance included educational level and previous obstetric experience (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Pregnant women in this study demonstrated good knowledge, positive perceptions, and willingness to accept CS when indicated. Nonetheless, cultural misconceptions remain barriers. Strengthened health education, community sensitisation, and partner-inclusive counselling are recommended to improve acceptance and maternal health outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elias TI, Sodimu JO (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of educational intervention on uptake of pain assessment tool among physiotherapists in Low- and Middle-Income Countries - A scoping review
Introduction: High-quality physiotherapy care depends on the regular use of standardised pain assessment instruments, but this remains a major challenge in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Educational interventions are a crucial tactic to increase adoption, yet their effectiveness in these settings is not well synthesised. The purpose of this scoping review is to synthesise existing studies on educational interventions on the use of pain assessment instruments among physiotherapists in LMIC to enhance patient care. Methods: The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A systematic search of four electronic databases was performed for studies published between 2015 and May 2025. Twelve studies from LMIC, primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa, met the inclusion criteria. Synthesis: The review suggests that physiotherapists' knowledge, confidence, and frequency of tool usage improved in the short term because of educational interventions, such as workshops, training courses, and tool-validation projects. Improved test scores and more use of instruments like the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) were important results. Significant obstacles, such as heavy clinical workloads, time constraints, a lack of resources, and the cultural inadequacy of many of the technologies now in use, prevented widespread adoption. There was little information on long-term practice change in the evidence base, which was mostly composed of short-term trials. Conclusion: Although educational initiatives can increase physiotherapists in LMIC short-term adoption of pain assessment techniques, removing systemic impediments is necessary for their long-term effectiveness. To encourage consistent evidence-based practice, future programs should incorporate ongoing mentoring and create culturally appropriate resources.
Copyright (c) 2026 Akadri OM, Lawal SA, Akadri AA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Selected Inflammatory and Apoptotic Markers in Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Mini Review
Introduction: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) affects 5–10% of the global population and results from mucosal injury caused by gastric acid, Helicobacter pylori, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and other factors. Inflammatory and apoptotic pathways are central to PUD pathogenesis. Methods: This mini review synthesised literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science (2000 - 2025) using keywords “peptic ulcer,” “inflammatory markers,” “apoptotic markers,” “NF κB,” and “caspases.” Studies reporting molecular mechanisms in human or animal models were included. Synthesis: Reactive oxygen species activate NF κB, leading to pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL 1β, IL 6, TNF α) that perpetuate mucosal injury. Inflammatory caspases (caspase 1, 4, 5) drive pyroptosis, while apoptotic caspases (caspase 8, 9, 3) regulate epithelial cell death. Key markers include NF κB, TNF α, IL 6, Bax, and Bcl 2. Current guidelines (Maastricht VI/ACG 2022) recommend bismuth-based quadruple therapy for H. pylori, achieving >90% eradication. However, human validation for most biomarkers remains limited. Conclusion: Inflammatory and apoptotic markers are promising therapeutic targets and potential diagnostic tools, but prospective human studies are needed to establish their clinical utility.
Copyright (c) 2026 Akinola O, Adebayo E, Ogunyemi A, Sangobowale O, Kayode AAA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gastroprotective Effects of Cabbage Extracts on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Wistar Rats
Introduction: This study investigated the gastroprotective effects of Brassica oleracea (cabbage) extracts on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats, exploring a potential natural alternative to conventional medications. Various extracts of Brassica oleracea were evaluated for their ability to prevent gastric ulcers, comparing their efficacy to that of standard treatments such as cimetidine and rabeprazole. Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were divided into ten groups, including controls and those pretreated with different doses of cabbage (Hexane, Ethyl acetate and Methanol) extracts (HEBO 500 and 1000 mg/kg, EtBO 500 and 1000 mg/kg, and MEBO 500 and 1000 mg/kg) and standard drugs (Cimetidine 50 mg/kg and Rabeprazole 20 mg/kg). Ulcer induction was performed using ethanol, and the gastroprotective effects were assessed. Results: The HEBO 500 mg/kg and EtBO 500 mg/kg body weight extracts demonstrated significantly higher ulcer inhibition when compared to other pretreatment groups. Notably, the EtBO 500 mg/kg group exhibited the highest gastroprotective effect. Conclusion: This research highlighted the potential of Brassica oleracea as a natural source for developing novel gastroprotective agents. Further studies are currently ongoing in our laboratory to isolate and characterise the bioactive compounds responsible for these effects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Akinola OO, Ogunyemi A, Oyewumi SO, Kayode A (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Basic Medical Sciences Section of GSHH: A New Dawn for Biomedical Research from the Global South
Introduction: The launch of the Basic Medical Sciences (BMS) Section of Global South Health Horizons addresses systemic inequities in global scientific publishing, where research from the Global South remains underrepresented despite its critical contributions. This editorial outlines the journal’s mission to democratise knowledge production in basic medical sciences through contextual rigour, methodological pluralism, and equitable framing. Main Text: BMS prioritises locally relevant innovations, such as Nigeria’s Cryptolepis-based antimalarials and India’s frugal PCR kits, while dismantling barriers like prohibitive publication fees and editorial bias. The journal fosters North-South and South-South collaborations, exemplified by the H3Africa Consortium’s genomic research, and implements capacity-building initiatives, such as mentorship programs and policy translation units. Conclusion: BMS is a call to action for inclusive science, where excellence is measured by the equitable impact it has. The journal commits to centring Global South scholarship, as seen in Rwanda’s malaria interventions and Brazil’s Zika research, ensuring science serves all humanity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Olu-Abiodun OO, Farman HA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fathers' Knowledge of Oral Rehydration Solution in Home Management of Childhood Diarrhoea in a Semi-Urban Nigerian Community
Introduction: Extensive research has examined maternal knowledge and practices regarding diarrhoea management and ORS utilisation, whereas the role of fathers has been less explored. This study assessed fathers’ knowledge of the use of ORS in the home management of childhood diarrhoea. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 198 purposively selected fathers using structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires. Fathers’ knowledge was assessed through the correct identification of certain facts about ORS. The 50% mark was used as the cut-off for good and poor knowledge. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 23. Chi-square and Logistic regression analyses were done. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean age was 36.7±7.82 years. The majority (73.7%) of the participants had good knowledge of ORS, while 26.3% had poor knowledge. Men who were currently married had 86% lower odds of having good knowledge of ORS compared to men who were not currently married, comprising single, divorced, and widowed men [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.140; 95% Confidence interval (C.I.) = 0.046-0.422]. Also, men who had up to a tertiary education were twice as likely to have good knowledge of ORS (AOR=2.017; 95% C.I. = 1.019- 3.995). Conclusion: Fathers' knowledge of ORS was significantly associated with education and marital status. There is a need to invest in male education as a long-term approach to enhance childhood ORS utilisation. There should also be tailored interventions to foster shared responsibility among couples, especially as it relates to childhood diarrhoea management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sodeinde KJ, Abolurin O, Adefala NO, Omotosho YA, Osinaike AO, Ossai A, Atuk J, Egejuru G, Okereke A, Kuku A (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Patient Satisfaction with Antenatal Services at a Private Tertiary Health Facility in Ogun State, Nigeria
Introduction: Client satisfaction with antenatal services improves pregnancy outcomes. Research on satisfaction with antenatal care has focused largely on public facilities, leaving a significant evidence gap regarding women’s experiences in private tertiary hospitals. This study assessed patient satisfaction and its associated factors among pregnant women accessing antenatal services in a private tertiary health facility in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used for the study. Pregnant women aged 18 years and above with at least two antenatal visits at Babcock University Teaching Hospital were recruited for this study. Chi-square test was used to test for association between categorical variables. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ogun State Health Research Ethics Committee (OGHREC), Abeokuta, Ogun State. Results: In this study, communication had the highest mean score (4.10 ± 0.63), followed by general satisfaction (4.03 ± 0.61). Lower mean scores were recorded for accessibility and convenience (3.84 ± 0.47), financial affordability (3.63 ± 0.80), and time spent with the doctor (3.48 ± 0.82). For overall satisfaction, predictors included occupation (OR = 2.45, CI: 1.17–5.11, p = 0.017), ethnicity (OR = 0.44, CI: 0.22–0.88, p = 0.021), monthly income (OR = 2.40, CI: 1.22–4.28, p = 0.012) and cost of services (OR = 0.43, CI: 0.21–0.89, p = 0.021). Conclusion: Patient satisfaction with antenatal care was strongly influenced by income, occupation, cost of services, and ethnicity. Addressing socio-economic and cultural barriers is essential to enhancing maternal health outcomes and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3.
Copyright (c) 2025 Osinaike AO, Adefala NO, Omotosho AY, Okwudishu OT, Okebalama VC, Okoro NE, Ogunkoya JO, Sodeinde KJ, Oyedele TA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strengthening Nigeria’s Health System: A Scoping Review of Recent Reforms, Implementation Outcomes, and Systemic Challenges (2015–2025)
Introduction: Nigeria’s health system continues to face systemic challenges, including underfunding, fragmented governance, workforce shortages, and inequitable access to services, despite repeated reforms. While numerous initiatives have been implemented to strengthen the health system in line with Universal Health Coverage (UHC) goals, existing evidence remains fragmented and lacks a comprehensive synthesis. This review aimed to map, synthesise, and critically assess health system strengthening initiatives in Nigeria from 2015 to 2025, highlighting their outcomes, implementation barriers, and policy implications. Methods: A scoping review was conducted per the PRISMA-ScR (2020) guidelines and the Arksey and O’Malley framework, as enhanced by Levac et al. A mixed-methods approach was employed to incorporate both qualitative and quantitative studies. Four major databases, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, were systematically searched between April 21 and May 13, 2025, for studies published from January 2015 to May 2025. Eligibility criteria were defined using the Population–Concept–Context (PCC) framework. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Synthesis: Five thematic domains emerged: national policy reforms, digital health innovations, community-based interventions, infrastructure and service delivery, and governance and financing. Key initiatives included the National Health Act, NHIA Act, Basic Health Care Provision Fund (BHCPF), digital tools such as ClinPak and mHealth apps, and community models like Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI). While many initiatives led to improved healthcare access, patient satisfaction, and service delivery, especially in underserved areas, most faced sustainability challenges due to political instability, poor infrastructure, fragmented implementation, and insufficient financing. Innovative Nigerian solutions, such as a decentralised offline patient ID system, showed promise for improving health information systems and coverage. Conclusion: Although Nigeria has introduced significant health reforms over the past decade, their success remains uneven. Future efforts must prioritise policy continuity, systems integration, equitable financing, and scaling of context-specific innovations. This review underscores the need for coordinated, evidence-informed strategies to build a resilient health system and achieve UHC. Longitudinal research is needed to assess the sustainability, impact, and scalability of these interventions across diverse geopolitical contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adewoye AA, Lawal SA, Obadina AO, Ibor GO (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Contraceptive Use and Determinants Among Women Living with HIV in Ijebu Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria
Introduction: Women living with HIV (WLHIV) face a heightened risk of unintended pregnancies, which can lead to mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Ensuring access to effective contraceptive methods is essential for protecting maternal and child health. This study assessed the prevalence of contraceptive use and associated factors among WLHIV in Ijebu Ode Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 144 WLHIV aged 18–49 years, selected using simple random sampling from the PEPFAR clinic at the State Hospital, Ijebu Ode. Data were collected using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire covering demographics, contraceptive use, perceptions, and influencing factors. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to analyse the data. Results: Contraceptive use prevalence among participants was 76.4%. The most used methods were condoms (83.3%) and injectables (41.8%). Contraceptive use was significantly associated with HIV status disclosure to a partner (p = 0.025), prior counselling on contraceptives (p = 0.001), tertiary education (p = 0.026), access to preferred methods (p = 0.001), and lack of desire for more children (p = 0.020). The belief that contraceptives interfere with antiretroviral therapy (ART) was negatively associated with use (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Contraceptive uptake among WLHIV in this setting was high, particularly among women who had disclosed their HIV status, received counselling, or attained higher education. Interventions that promote disclosure, integrate family planning into HIV care, and address ART-contraceptive misconceptions are crucial for improving reproductive health outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Olu-Abiodun OO, Sodimu O, Ilusanmi O, Sagbo F (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevalence and Occupational Risk Factors of Low Back Pain Among Nurses at a Tertiary Hospital in Ogun State, Nigeria
Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability among healthcare workers globally, with nurses being particularly vulnerable due to the physical demands of their work. Despite substantial global evidence, limited data exist on the prevalence and occupational risk factors of LBP among Nigerian nurses. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, contributing factors, and perceived effects of LBP among clinical nurses at a tertiary hospital in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2023 among 188 clinical nurses at the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta. Stratified random sampling was used, and data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were conducted using SPSS version 29.0 to explore associations between LBP and selected risk factors. Ethical approval was obtained from the FMCA Health Research Ethics Committee. Results: The prevalence of LBP was 64.9%, with 70.7% reporting onset after joining the nursing profession. A significant proportion (77.7%) attributed their symptoms to patient lifting and movement. Risk factors significantly associated with LBP included high BMI, job stress, and working while fatigued (p < 0.05). LBP negatively impacted job performance, quality of life, and job satisfaction in more than half of the respondents. Conclusion: LBP is highly prevalent among Nigerian nurses and is linked to modifiable occupational and ergonomic factors. Urgent interventions, including biannual ergonomic training, provision of lifting aids, and policy reforms addressing staffing and rest periods, are recommended to protect nurses' well-being and healthcare quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Onigbanjo RO, Olu-Abiodun OO (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Charting a New Course for Global South Health Research: Equity, Evidence, and Action
Introduction: The Global South continues to confront detailed health challenges influenced by socio-political, economic, and environmental factors. However, the perspectives and contexts of these regions are often underrepresented in the global health conversation. This editorial presents Global South Health Horizons (GSHH), a journal created to reshape the global health narrative by emphasising principles of equity, relevance, and inclusivity. Main Text: GSHH aspires to be a catalyst for a fundamental shift in health research and policy, emphasising the experiences, priorities, and innovations originating from countries in the Global South. The journal advocates for methodological diversity, multidisciplinary collaboration, and the co-production of research with local communities affected. It covers critical themes such as strengthening health systems, climate-health interactions, One Health, social determinants of health, and indigenous knowledge systems. Additionally, GSHH is committed to fostering local research capabilities and offering a fair platform for emerging scholars and practitioners. At its core, the journal prioritises research that is not only meaningful academically but also capable of producing tangible impacts beyond scholarly metrics. Conclusion: GSHH aims to be more than a publication; it aspires to be a movement that redefines global health by amplifying the voices and scholarship of the Global South. We invite the international health community to engage with GSHH as contributors, peer reviewers, readers, and advocates. Together, we can build a comprehensive knowledge ecosystem that informs policy and brings about meaningful change in the lives of people across the Global South.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abiodun O, Olu-Abiodun OO, Faturoti AF (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Patient Satisfaction with Pharmaceutical Services in a Tertiary Health Facility in Ogun State, Nigeria
Introduction: Pharmaceutical services are vital components of the healthcare system that serve to improve the health outcomes of patients. These services have moved beyond mere medicine supply to provide more patient-centred services. Patients who are happy with pharmacy services are less likely to switch healthcare providers and are more likely to take their prescriptions as prescribed. Such patients are more likely to be retained in care with improved health outcomes. This study aims to assess patients’ satisfaction with pharmaceutical services and associated factors in a tertiary health facility in Ogun State. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used for the study. Adult patients attending the outpatient pharmacy in Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria, were recruited for the study. A multistage sampling technique was used, and data collection was done using a validated questionnaire, adapted from previous studies. Results: Approximately 96.7% of the patients expressed satisfaction with the pharmacists' ability to clearly and concisely label prescriptions. Patients reported the highest levels of dissatisfaction with the courtesy and respect shown by pharmacists (40%), followed by inadequate explanation of medication side effects (30.8%), prolonged waiting times (21.7%), and limited availability of medications (19.2%). Conclusion: The hospital management should employ additional pharmacists, ensure a consistent supply of medications, and integrate counselling on medication side effects into the pharmacists' dispensing process, treating counselling as a core responsibility rather than an optional task for pharmacists.
Copyright (c) 2025 Osinaike A, Omotosho A, Okwudishu O, Adefala N, Okebalama V, Okoro N (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ending nuclear weapons, before they end us
Introduction: This editorial emphasises the urgent need to confront the serious threat posed by nuclear weapons, focusing on their devastating effects on health, the environment, and human well-being. It discusses the upcoming vote at the World Health Assembly (WHA) to renew the World Health Organisation's (WHO) mandate to study these impacts, along with a new United Nations (UN) scientific panel that will analyse the risks associated with nuclear war. Main Text: Although the number of nuclear weapons has decreased since the Cold War, today’s global stockpile is still dangerously large. Modernisation efforts and ongoing geopolitical tensions increase the chances they might be used. The editorial points out that nuclear conflict could lead to mass extinction, severe climate change, and widespread famine. It criticises the lack of progress in disarmament and calls for immediate steps, such as adopting "no first use" policies and joining the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. The authors encourage health professionals to support the renewed WHO mandate and back the UN panel’s work in gathering current evidence to guide policies and inform the public. Conclusion: The piece frames nuclear disarmament as a critical health issue, emphasising the need for strong political leadership to eliminate these weapons. It appeals to health professionals to rally behind evidence-based policies and the upcoming WHA resolution, pointing out that solid research and public advocacy are essential to prevent disaster.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zielinski C, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War Supporters (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Knowledge, Attitude, Ownership and Utilisation of Long-Lasting Insecticide-Treated Net Among Women of Childbearing Age Accessing Care in a Private Tertiary Hospital in Ogun State, Nigeria
Introduction: Ownership and use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLIN) are crucial for effective malaria control. However, a disparity exists between the two. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, ownership, and use of LLIN among women of childbearing age. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 400 women selected through purposive sampling. Ownership and utilisation of LLIN were assessed with “Yes” or “No” responses. Aggregate scores for knowledge and attitude were calculated, categorising as having good or poor knowledge/attitude, using the mean scores as the cutoff. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 23 and presented in tables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 33.1 ± 8.3 years. More than three-fifths (62.5%) had LLINs. However, only 71.2% of this group slept under LLIN. Approximately two-thirds (64.8%) of participants demonstrated good knowledge, while 47.5% showed a good attitude. There was a statistically significant association between the level of education and ownership of LLINs (p = 0.016). Additionally, a statistically significant association existed between the belief that sleeping under an LLIN was taboo and possessing an LLIN (p = 0.008). There was a statistically significant association between the level of education and sleeping under an LLIN (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Education and cultural taboos affect owning and sleeping under LLIN. More priority should be given to female education and debunking negative myths concerning LLIN use by using peer educators and community influencers, such as religious and traditional leaders.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sodeinde K, Omoregie O, Onifade O, Faturoti AF, Adebisi O (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Genomics and Proteomics Technologies in Biological Research: Advantages, Challenges, and Prospects
Introduction: The integration of genomics and proteomics, two cornerstone omics technologies, has transformed our understanding of biological systems, enabling deeper insights into disease mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and the development of personalised medicine. While genomics uncovers genetic blueprints, proteomics reveals functional protein expressions, making their combined use essential for a holistic view of biological processes. This narrative review explores the current state, advantages, challenges, and prospects of integrating genomics and proteomics in biological research, particularly in the context of translational medicine and global health applications. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across four databases—PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, for English-language peer-reviewed articles published between January 2015 and May 2025. A PRISMA-based approach guided article screening and selection. Inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing multi-omics integration, relevant technologies, clinical applications, and associated ethical concerns. The findings were synthesised using thematic analysis. Synthesis: The review highlights the growing synergy between genomics and proteomics in enhancing disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and precision medicine. Advances in next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry, coupled with computational tools such as MOFA+ and AlphaFold, have improved data integration. However, challenges persist, including high data complexity, computational demands, ethical/legal concerns, and limited access in low-resource settings. Conclusion: Integrated omics approaches hold immense potential to revolutionise healthcare and biological discovery. Addressing current barriers and fostering global collaboration, particularly in underrepresented regions, are critical to realising the full benefits of genomics and proteomics integration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Enitan SS, Adejumo EN, Osakue OE, Eke SS, Akele RY, Edafetanure-Ibeh OM, Enitan CB (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0